Table 3.

Managed Care (HMO) Penetration of Insured Population, by State, 1994-2008

State	1994	1998	2008	State	1994	1998	2008
Alaska	0.000	0.000	0.002	Montana	0.015	0.034	0.059
Alabama	0.100	0.107	0.041	North Carolina	0.095	0.166	0.053
Arkansas	0.038	0.111	0.030	North Dakota	0.083	0.029	0.026
Arizona	0.358	0.319	0.253	Nebraska	0.011	0.157	0.046
California	0.383	0.454	0.429	New Hampshire	0.170	0.350	0.113
Colorado	0.244	0.354	0.196	New Jersey	0.169	0.340	0.208
Connecticut	0.274	0.377	0.215	New Mexico	0.174	0.319	0.266
Delaware	0.205	0.344	0.192	Nevada	0.147	0.271	0.200
Florida	0.201	0.263	0.194	New York	0.243	0.363	0.277
Georgia	0.088	0.159	0.192	Ohio	0.192	0.225	0.179
Hawaii	0.232	0.320	0.477	Oklahoma	0.073	0.135	0.066
Iowa	0.041	0.099	0.075	Oregon	0.375	0.397	0.271
Idaho	0.012	0.082	0.046	Pennsylvania	0.215	0.351	0.280
Illinois	0.169	0.235	0.123	Rhode Island	0.288	0.360	0.202
Indiana	0.074	0.161	0.170	South Carolina	0.042	0.115	0.101
Kansas	0.109	0.150	0.147	South Dakota	0.029	0.049	0.100
Kentucky	0.121	0.177	0.080	Tennessee	0.162	0.238	0.255
Louisiana	0.070	0.162	0.075	Texas	0.097	0.177	0.132
Massachusetts	0.352	0.502	0.343	Utah	0.192	0.348	0.296
Maryland	0.362	0.360	0.261	Virginia	0.084	0.210	0.163
Maine	0.062	0.238	0.094	Vermont	0.126	0.289	0.088
Michigan	0.202	0.248	0.277	Washington	0.164	0.283	0.186
Minnesota	0.266	0.306	0.213	Wisconsin	0.242	0.297	0.248
Missouri	0.147	0.268	0.132	West Virginia	0.000	0.102	0.150
Mississippi	0.003	0.034	0.015	Wyoming	0.000	0.028	0.042

Note: Bold font indicates the 19 states with positive MMC spillovers shown in Figure 3.

Italics font indicates the 12 states with negative MMC spillovers shown in Figure 3.

Sources: (1994 and 1998 data) InterStudy, "The InterStudy Competitive Edge: HMO Report," St. Paul, Minnesota; (2008 data) Kaiser Family Foundation, State Health Facts, retrieved June 15, 2010, from http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparemaptable.jsp?cat=7&ind=349