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Cardiovascular effects of nitrates, CCBs, and β-blockers in angina
| Variable | Nitrates | Calcium channel blockers | β-blockers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collateral blood flow | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | → |
| Endomyocardial to epimyocardial flow | ↑↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Heart rate | ↑ (reflex) | ↑↓ (reflex) | ↓↓ |
| Left ventricular wall tension | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↑→ |
| Myocardial contractility | ↑ (reflex) | ↑ ↓→ (reflex) | ↓↓ |
| Cardiac work | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ |
Abbreviation: CCBs, calcium channel blockers.
