Table 4.
Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for Sociodemographic, Healthcare Access, and Health Behavior-Related Characteristics Associated with Having a Pap Test in the Last 3 Years
| OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| 40–64 | 1.00 | — |
| 65–79 | 0.33 | (0.28–0.40) |
| Race | ||
| African American | 1.00 | — |
| White | 0.49 | (0.44–0.55) |
| Othera | 0.63 | (0.48–0.82) |
| Birthplace | ||
| United States | 1.00 | — |
| Outside of United States | 1.01 | 0.65–1.56 |
| Ever lived in rural community | ||
| Yes | 0.83 | 0.75–0.93 |
| No | 1.00 | — |
| Marital status | ||
| Married or partner | 1.00 | — |
| Separated or divorced | 1.04 | 0.91–1.19 |
| Widowed | 0.85 | 0.71–1.02 |
| Single, never married | 1.03 | 0.89–1.20 |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 0.73 | 0.64–0.85 |
| High school | 0.92 | 0.81–1.05 |
| More than high school | 1.00 | — |
| Household annual income | ||
| <$15,000 | 0.61 | 0.43–0.87 |
| $15–$24,999 | 0.71 | 0.50–1.01 |
| $25–$49,999 | 0.82 | 0.57–1.19 |
| ≥$50,000 | 1.00 | — |
| Insuranceb | ||
| Private | 1.00 | — |
| Public | 0.95 | 0.81–1.14 |
| Other | 0.83 | 0.49–1.43 |
| None | 0.83 | 0.71–0.97 |
| Had medical visit in last year | ||
| Yes | 3.76 | 3.25–4.34 |
| No | 1.00 | — |
| Has personal history of any cancer | ||
| Yes | 0.67 | 0.47–0.96 |
| No | 1.00 | — |
| Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 | ||
| <18.5 | 0.67 | 0.47–0.96 |
| 18.5-<25 | 1.00 | — |
| 25-<30 | 1.09 | 0.94–1.27 |
| ≥30 | 1.00 | 0.88–1.14 |
| Seatbelt use | ||
| At least some of the time | 1.68 | 1.25–2.24 |
| None of the time | 1.00 | — |
| Had mammogram in last 2 years | ||
| Yes | 11.64 | 10.28–13.18 |
| No | 1.00 | — |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 0.90 | 0.80–1.01 |
| Former | 0.82 | 0.71–0.95 |
| Never | 1.00 | — |
a
Other includes women who self-identified as Hispanic/Latina (n = 102), Asian or Pacific Islander (n = 26), American Indian or Alaskan Native (n = 71), other race (n = 109), or mixed race (n = 296).
b
Mutually exclusive insurance categories created from those reporting any private insurance; only publicly funded insurance including Medicaid, Medicare, and VA, Champus; other insurance; or no insurance.