Table 2.
Cohort studies examining changes in maternal substance use
| Study | n | Measure | d (SE) | P | Study Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conners & Bradley60 | 62 | Number of days of drug use | 0.74† (0.15) | 0.001 | 2/9 |
| 62 | % using substances | 2.90 (0.80) | 0.001 | ||
| Elk & Schmitz61 | 19 | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | 0.48‡ (0.24) | 0.049 | 0/9 |
| 19 | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | 0.83* (0.27) | 0.002 | ||
| Evenson & Binner62 | 98 | CSTAR Alcohol and Drug Problem Inventory | 0.72 (0.11) | 0.001 | 0/9 |
| 98 | Cost of Alcohol | 0.58 (0.11) | 0.001 | ||
| 98 | Cost of Drugs | 0.74 (0.11) | 0.001 | ||
| 98 | CSTAR Substance Use Questionnaire - Did not use substances | 2.01 (0.23) | 0.001 | ||
| 98 | CSTAR Substance Use Questionnaire - Main alcohol/drug abstinent | 1.60 (0.21) | 0.001 | ||
| 98 | CSTAR Substance Use Questionnaire - Alcohol Abstinent | 1.72 (0.26) | 0.001 | ||
| 98 | CSTAR Substance Use Questionnaire - Alcohol Intox Abstinent | 2.09 (0.35) | 0.001 | ||
| 98 | CSTAR Substance Use Questionnaire - Cannabis Abstinent | 1.88 (0.26) | 0.001 | ||
| 98 | CSTAR Substance Use Questionnaire - Cocaine Abstinent | 2.71 (0.79) | 0.001 | ||
| Ingersoll & Knisely (low psychopathology group)63 | 33 | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | 0.29‡ (0.18) | 0.102 | 2/9 |
| 33 | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | 0.92* (0.21) | 0.000 | ||
| Ingersoll & Knisely (high psychopathology group)63 | 13 | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | 0.70 (0.31) | 0.023 | 2/9 |
| 13 | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | 0.28* (0.28) | 0.322 | ||
| Kerwin (Treatment outcome data for women in substance abuse treatment group, Unpublished data) | 7 | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | 0.51‡ (0.32) | 0.110 | n/a |
| 7 | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | 0.56* (0.32) | 0.087 | ||
| McClellan & Gutman64 | 529 | Number of days of alcohol use | 0.36† (0.05) | 0.001 | 2 |
| 529 | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite (6 months follow up) | 0.39 (0.05) | 0.001 | 2 | |
| 529 | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite (12 months follow up) | 0.39‡ (0.05) | 0.001 | 2 | |
| 529 | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite (6 month follow up) | 0.63 (0.05) | 0.001 | 2 | |
| 529 | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite (12 months follow up) | 0.65* (0.05) | 0.001 | 2 | |
| 529 | Money spent on drugs (6 months follow up) | 0.21 (0.04) | 0.001 | 2 | |
| 529 | Money spent on drugs (12 months follow up) | 0.22 (0.44) | 0.001 | 2 | |
| Niccols & Sword22 | 9 | % using alcohol (3 months into program) | 0.31 (0.48) | 0.520 | |
| 7 | % using alcohol (6 months into program) | 0.31 (0.52) | 0.552 | ||
| 9 | % using cannabis(3 months into program) | 0.99 (0.53) | 0.061 | ||
| 7 | % using cannabis (6 months into program | 0.99 (0.57) | 0.083 | ||
| 9 | % using cocaine (3 months into program) | 1.17 (0.86) | 0.175 | ||
| 7 | % using cocaine (6 months into program | 1.04 (0.87) | 0.231 | ||
| 9 | % using tranquilizers (3 months into program) | 0.73 (0.90) | 0.412 | ||
| 7 | % using tranquilizers (6 months into program | 0.60 (0.90) | 0.502 | ||
| 9 | % using crack (3 months into program) | 0.73 (0.90) | 0.412 | ||
| 7 | % using crack (6 months into program | 0.60 (0.90) | 0.502 | ||
| 9 | % using barbiturates (3 months into program) | 0.73 (0.90) | 0.412 | ||
| 7 | % using barbiturates (6 months into program | 0.60 (0.90) | 0.502 | ||
| 9 | % using over the counter drugs (3 months into program) | 0.00 (0.53) | 1.000 | ||
| 7 | % using over the counter drugs (6 months into program | -0.65 (0.54) | 0.239 | ||
| 9 | % using other drugs (3 months into program) | 0.51 (0.63) | 0.419 | ||
| 7 | % using other drugs (6 months into program | 0.51 (0.69) | 0.461 | ||
| Volpicelli & Markman42 | 21 | Number of days of cocaine use | 0.753† (0.247) | 0.002 | 1/9 |
| 21 | Number of days of cocaine use | 0.423† (0.228) | 0.063 | 1/9 | |
| Wexler & Cuadrado65 | 44 | % using alcohol | 0.37 (0.28) | 0.191 | |
| 44 | % using drugs | 3.06 (0.81) | 0.001 |
†Study included in the overall effect size for number of days of substance use
‡Study included in the overall effect size for Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite
*Study included in the overall effect size for Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite
◊ Comprehensive Substance Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation
Significance of d based on test of null (z-test).