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. 2010 Sep 20;5(9):e12851. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012851

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

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AIV RNA was detected and quantified by RRT-PCR in the water tanks housing orally-inoculated mallards (represented by solid markers). Quantities were extrapolated from a standard curve and presented as PCR EID₅₀ equivalents/mL on a log scale. On 5 dpi, mallards were removed from two of the pens (69 and 70). These pens were disinfected, leaving only the AIV contaminated water in water tanks. When naive ducks were exposed to the AIV contaminated water, they became infected and maintained the virus concentration (represented by open markers) for the duration of the experiment. The dashed line represents our RRT-PCR threshold of detection as 10⁰ PCR EID₅₀ equivalents/mL.

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