Table 1.
Group mean scaled scores and standard deviations (in parentheses) for standardized tests of achievement for the reading difficulty (RD) and typically achieving (TA) group.
| Standardized Measure | RD | TA |
|---|---|---|
| Verbal IQ (WASI) ** | 96 (12) | 108 (10) |
| Performance IQ (WASI) ** | 96 (14) | 110 (10) |
| Full-Scale IQ (WASI) ** | 95 (14) | 110 (10) |
| Word Identification (WJ-III) *** | 81 (16) | 109 (10) |
| Word Attack (WJ-III)*** | 79 (12) | 107 (9) |
| Sight Word Efficiency (TOWRE) *** | 80 (11) | 105 (8) |
| Phonetic Decoding Efficiency (TOWRE) *** | 76 (13) | 102 (13) |
| Average of four reading tests *** | 79 (12) | 105 (8) |
| Phonemic Awareness Composite (CTOPP) *** | 79 (10) | 99 (13) |
**
p ≤ .01,
***
p ≤ .001, two-tailed.
WASI: Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale; WJ-III: Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement – III; TOWRE: Test of Word Reading Efficiency; CTOPP: Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing.