Rats (n=3) received an i.t. injection of 3 nmol PP1 (PP1*: 10 nmol), 3 nmol PP3, or no injection. One hour later they received an i.t. injection of DAMGO (2 nmol) or baclofen (50 nmol) with or without PP1 or PP3, as indicated. Noxious stimulation (hindpaw clamp for 30 sec) was delivered 10 min after the second injection, and rats were fixed 10 min later. NK1R internalization was measured in the L4–L5 spinal segments. Two-way ANOVA: p<0.0001 for ‘drugs’ and ‘stimulus’. Bonferroni’s post-hoc test: ***, p<0.001, **, p<0.01 compared to control; †††, p<0.001 as indicated.