Secretion of YKL-40 is induced by mechanical stress. A, shown is an experimental plan for investigating kinetics of YKL-40 secretion by mechanical stress. Basal media samples were collected at 24 or 48 h after 1 or 3 h of mechanical stress. TCA, trichloroacetic acid. B, secretion of YKL-40 was increased 3.59-fold by mechanical stress at 24 h of post-3 h of pressure; 100 or 500 ng/ml TNF-α modestly increased YKL-40 secretion at 48 h. C, shown is densitometry analysis of YKL-40 secretion at 24 or 48 h post-treatment. D, CHI3L1 expression was induced by TNF-α treatment (100 ng/ml) for 24 and 48 h by 3.56- and 3.27-fold, respectively (*, p < 0.001 versus control). Data are represented as the mean ± S.D. from independent experiments (n = 3). E, YKL-40 secretion was induced by TNF-α treatment (100 ng/ml) and sustained up to 72 h.