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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2010 Jul 11;466(7306):612–616. doi: 10.1038/nature09172

Figure 2. Independent origin of chicken Z and human X chromosomes.

Figure 2

Rectangular dot plots show chromosomal locations of Z-orthologous or X-orthologous genes in other species.

a. Chicken Z chromosome versus selected human chromosomes. Chicken Z chromosome is not orthologous to human X, but is orthologous to portions of human autosomes 5 (yellow), 9 (blue), and 18 (purple). At right: three-color projection of dot plots onto a unified schematic of chicken Z, showing that orthology to human chromosomes 5, 9, and 18 accounts for most of Z chromosome, with exception of Z amplicon on distal long arm.

b. Human X chromosome versus selected chicken chromosomes. Human X chromosome is not orthologous to chicken Z, but is orthologous to portions of chicken autosomes 1 (red) and 4 (cyan). At right: two-color projection of dot plots onto unified schematic of human X, showing that orthology to chicken chromosomes 1 and 4 spans X (colored bar).

c. Chicken Z chromosome (orange) and human X chromosome (green) versus selected stickleback chromosomes. Chicken Z and human X orthologs occupy separate and distinct locations within stickleback genome. Chicken Z orthologs are present on stickleback chromosomes 13 and 14, while human X orthologs are present on stickleback chromosomes 1, 4, 7, and 16.