Figure 3. Convergent gene gain on the chicken Z and human X chromosomes.
a. Gene density of Z and X chromosomes compared to autosomes. Both are unusually gene poor, with about half the gene density of a typical autosome.
b. Venn diagrams comparing gene content of chicken Z and human X chromosomes to orthologous autosomes. Most genes on orthologous autosomes remain on the sex chromosomes; few have been lost. Both chicken Z and human X gained hundreds of genes not present on orthologous autosomes.
c. Percentage of protein coding genes with testis ESTs in Unigene. Left panel: Compared to chicken autosomes, Z chromosome is enriched for testis-expressed genes. Single-copy Z chromosome genes (SC) show no enrichment for testis ESTs compared to autosomal gene, but nearly all multi-copy (MC) genes are expressed in testis. Right panel: Similar results on human X chromosome.