FIG. 1.

Schematic of adipose tissue outcome measures. Adipogenic differentiation is initiated upon inhibition of both Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. PPARγ and C/EBPα are key transcriptional regulators that promote expression of adipogenic genes such as GAPDH, Glut4, FABP4, and ACS. Triglyceride (TG) synthesis subsequently occurs, causing mature adipokines to be secreted (leptin and adiponectin) and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. TG breakdown, or lipolysis, is mediated by 2 key lipases (adipose triglyceride lipase [ATGL] and hormone sensitive lipase [HSL]), producing glycerol and fatty acids.