FIG. 5.

Total amount of growth factors produced by the cells in the collagen gel culture medium after 3 days of static or flow culture. The production of growth factors was normalized by the volume of the culture medium used for each condition. (A) TGF-beta 1, *p < 0.05 vs. RAEC-only static, (B) VEGF, *p < 0.05 vs. RMSC-only static, **p < 0.05 vs. RMSC-only flow, and (C) PDGF-BB, *p < 0.05 vs. RAEC-only static, ^#p < 0.05 vs. RAEC-RMSC co-culture static. Results are mean ± standard error of the mean, n = 4 per group. TGF-beta1, transforming growth factor-beta1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor.