Western blot analysis of collagen gels after 3 days of static or flow culture. Starting from the left, samples are rat aorta homogenates, cultured rat endothelial cells (RAEC), RAEC-only static (RAEC S), RMSC-only static (RMSC S), RAEC-RMSC static (RAEC-RMSC S), RAEC-only flow (RAEC F), RMSC-only flow (RMSC F), and RAEC-RMSC flow (RAEC-RMSC F). Endothelial cell markers endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thrombomodulin, prostaglandin synthase, and PECAM-1, and smooth muscle cell markers α-smooth muscle actin and calponin were tested. PECAM -1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1.