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. 2010 May 10;38(17):5884–5892. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq347

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© The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — PKR activation by in vitro transcribed mRNA in cells. Unmodified or Ψ-containing in vitro transcribed firefly luciferase mRNA was delivered to cells by lipofection. Following RNA transfection, cells were lysed at 4 h (A) or at the indicated time (B), proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE, and assayed for phosphorylation of PKR (A) or eIF-2α (B) by western blotting. No RNA (−), poly(dC) and poly(I:C) were used as controls. Relative phosphorylation is indicated below each gel lane, calculated as phosphorylated band density divided by total band density and then normalized to the phosphorylation induced by unmodified RNA.