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Analysis of promoter escape by RNAPs with substitutions of β′ R339. Activities of the wild-type and mutant RNAPs were measured on the T7A1 and T7A1cons promoters in the presence of the CpA primer. Positions of the run-off and abortive RNAs are indicated on the left, the lengths of abortive RNAs are shown on the right. For each RNAP, the ratio of total radioactivity in abortive and run-off RNA products (ab./RO) is shown relative to the wild-type RNAP below the gel.
