Table 2. Echocardiographic parameters of control individuals and patients in the undetermined and cardiac forms.
| Variable | Group 0 Control (N = 44) | Group 1 Undetermined (N = 32) | Group 2 ECG findings (N = 14) | Group 3 Abnormal echo (N = 8) | P | P for trend |
| LVEDV (ml/m2) | 59.5 (13.2) | 56.2 (14.3) | 68.1 (13.8) | 93.7 (25.4)* † ‡ | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| LVESV (ml/m2) | 23.0 (7.4) | 21.7 (6.6) | 28.4 (8.7) | 52.0 (15.1)* † ‡ | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| LA (cm/m2) | 7.8 (2.1) | 8.6 (2.8) | 9.1 (1.9) | 10.8 (5.2)* | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| LVEF (%) | 64.5 (5.0) | 65.0 (4.8) | 60.0 (9.0) | 41.0 (12.5)* † ‡ | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| E (m/s) | 0.85±0.13 | 0.78±0.17 | 0.76±0.11 | 0.72±0.17 | 0.05 | <0.01 |
| A (m/s) | 0.51 (0.2) | 0.60 (0.2) | 0.59 (0.3) | 0.50 (0.26) | 0.30 | 0.51 |
| Em (m/s) | 0.16±0.03 | 0.14±0.03* | 0.12±0.04* | 0.09±0.04* † | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Am (m/s) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.60 | 0.58 |
| E/Em | 5.0 (1.9) | 5.9 (2.0) | 7.1 (3.4) | 7.9 (3.9)* † | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| DT (ms) | 200.0 (45.0) | 238.5 (62.0)* | 251.5 (140.0)* | 284.5 (172.7)* | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Average LS (%) | 19.3 (3.8) | 19.3 (2.9) | 17.1 (5.0) | 15.8 (6.9)* † ‡ | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Average RS (%) | 49.3 (22.5) | 39.8 (36.2) | 40.2 (22.8) | 16.0 (13.2)* † ‡ | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range); categorical variables are expressed as number of patients (%).
LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area; LA: left atrium area indexed to body surface area; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; E: early diastolic mitral flow velocity; A: late diastolic mitral flow velocity; Em: early mitral annulus diastolic tissue velocity; Am: late mitral annulus diastolic tissue velocity; E/Em: ratio of early diastolic mitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annulus velocity; DT: deceleration time of the E wave; LS: myocardial longitudinal strain; RS: myocardial radial strain. P = p value between groups; P for trend: p value for a trend in continuous variable changes across Chagas's disease severity.
*Statistically significant differences versus group 0.
†: Statistically significant differences versus group 1.
‡: Statistically significant differences versus group 2.