Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Mortality
Systematic review	50 term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy and evidence of intrapartum asphyxia 2 RCTs in this analysis	Mortality 5/27 (19%) with hypothermia 6/23 (26%) with normothermia	RR 0.73 95% CI 0.26 to 2.09		Not significant
RCT	67 term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Mortality 10/32 (31%) with systemic hypothermia 14/33 (42%) with normothermia	RR 0.74 95% CI 0.38 to 1.41		Not significant
RCT	234 newborn infants with clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of moderate or severe neonatal (hypoxic–ischaemic) encephalopathy	Death at 18 months 36/108 (33%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 42/110 (38%) with normothermia	RR 0.87 95% CI 0.61 to 1.25		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Mortality 24/102 (24%) with whole-body cooling 37/106 (35%) with normothermia	RR 0.68 95% CI 0.44 to 1.05		Not significant
Systematic review	23 term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy and evidence of intrapartum asphyxia Data from 1 RCT	Combined outcome of death or major neurodevelopmental disability 7/18 (39%) with hypothermia 4/13 (31%) with normothermia	RR 1.26 95% CI 0.46 to 3.44		Not significant
RCT	234 newborn infants with clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of moderate or severe neonatal (hypoxic–ischaemic) encephalopathy	Combined outcome of death or severe disability at 18 months 59/108 (55%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 73/110 (66%) with normothermia	RR 0.82 95% CI 0.66 to 1.02		Not significant
RCT	Subgroup analysis of 46 infants with severe amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic findings at enrollment Subgroup analysis	Combined outcome of death or severe disability at 18 months 19/24 (79%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 15/22 (68%) with normothermia	RR 1.16 95% CI 0.82 to 1.65		Not significant
RCT	Subgroup analysis of 172 infants with intermediate amplitude integrated electroencephalographic changes Subgroup analysis	Combined outcome of death or severe disability at 18 months 40/84 (48%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 58/88 (66%) with normothermia	RR 0.72 95% CI 0.55 to 0.95 NNT 6 95% CI 3 to 25		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Death or moderate/severe disability at 18–24 months 45/102 (44%) with whole-body cooling 64/106 (60%) with normothermia	RR 0.73 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95 NNT 6 95% CI 3 to 33	Small effect size	hypothermia