Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Adverse effects
Systematic review	31 infants Data from 1 RCT	Sinus bradycardia with hypothermia with normothermia Absolute results not reported	RR 2.21 95% CI 0.1 to 50.3		Not significant
Systematic review	31 infants 2 RCTs in this analysis	Need for inotrope support with hypothermia with normothermia Absolute results not reported	RR 2.41 95% CI 0.82 to 7.08		Not significant
Systematic review	31 infants Data from 1 RCT	Anaemia requiring blood transfusion with hypothermia with normothermia Absolute results not reported	RR 3.68 95% CI 0.19 to 70.9		Not significant
Systematic review	31 infants Data from 1 RCT	Hypokalaemia with hypothermia with normothermia Absolute results not reported	RR 1.16 95% CI 0.49 to 2.73		Not significant
Systematic review	31 infants Data from 1 RCT	Oliguria with hypothermia with normothermia Absolute results not reported	RR 0.67 95% CI 0.22 to 2.03		Not significant
Systematic review	31 infants Data from 1 RCT	Coagulopathy resulting in major thrombosis or haemorrhage with hypothermia with normothermia Absolute results not reported	RR 3.68 95% CI 0.19 to 70.9		Not significant
Systematic review	31 infants Data from 1 RCT	Culture-proven sepsis with hypothermia with normothermia Absolute results not reported	RR 0.72 95% CI 0.05 to 10.52		Not significant
RCT	67 term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Bradycardia 11/31 (35%) with systemic hypothermia 2/31 (6%) with normothermia	RR 5.5 95% CI 1.33 to 22.8	Large effect size	normothermia
RCT	67 term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Plasma transfusions for coagulopathy 23/31 (74%) with systemic hypothermia 11/31 (35%) with normothermia	RR 2.09 95% CI 1.25 to 3.51	Moderate effect size	normothermia
RCT	67 term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Mean duration of inotrope support 5 days with systemic hypothermia 2 days with normothermia	P = 0.02	Effect size not calculated	normothermia
RCT	234 newborn infants with clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of moderate or severe neonatal (hypoxic–ischaemic) encephalopathy	Sinus bradycardia 10/112 (9%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 1/118 (1%) with normothermia	RR 10.5 95% CI 1.37 to 80.97	Large effect size	normothermia
RCT	234 newborn infants with clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of moderate or severe hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy	Hypotension 62/112 (55%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 61/118 (52%) with normothermia	RR 1.07 95% CI 0.84 to 1.36		Not significant
RCT	234 newborn infants with clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of moderate or severe hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy	Coagulopathy 21/112 (19%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 17/118 (14%) with normothermia	RR 1.30 95% CI 0.73 to 2.34		Not significant
RCT	234 newborn infants with clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of moderate or severe hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy	Renal impairment 73/112 (65%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 83/118 (70%) with normothermia	RR 0.93 95% CI 0.77 to 1.11		Not significant
RCT	234 newborn infants with clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of moderate or severe hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy	Hypoglycaemia 14/112 (13%) with therapeutic cooling of the infant's head and mild systemic hypothermia 20/118 (17%) with normothermia	RR 0.74 95% CI 0.39 to 1.39		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Hypotension treated with vasopressors 42/112 (38%) with whole-body cooling 35/118 (30%) with normothermia	RR 1.26 95% CI 0.88 to 1.82		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Cardiac arrhythmia 2/112 (2%) with whole-body cooling 1/118 (1%) with normothermia	RR 2.11 95% CI 0.19 to 22.9		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Persistent pulmonary hypertension 25/112 (22%) with whole-body cooling 23/118 (19%) with normothermia	RR 1.15 95% CI 0.69 to 1.90		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Renal impairment 22/112 (20%) with whole-body cooling 27/118 (23%) with normothermia	RR 0.86 95% CI 0.52 to 1.42		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Hypoglycaemia 12/112 (11%) with whole-body cooling 16/118 (14%) with normothermia	RR 0.79 95% CI 0.39 to 1.60		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Hypocalcaemia 28/112 (25%) with whole-body cooling 20/118 (17%) with normothermia	RR 1.47 95% CI 0.88 to 2.46		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Hepatic dysfunction 20/112 (18%) with whole-body cooling 16/118 (14%) with normothermia	RR 1.32 95% CI 0.72 to 2.41		Not significant
RCT	208 term or near-term infants with moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia	Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy 18/112 (16%) with whole-body cooling 12/118 (10%) with normothermia	RR 1.58 95% CI 0.80 to 3.13		Not significant