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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: Physiol Rev. 2010 Jul;90(3):1165–1194. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2009

TABLE 2.

Toll-like receptors and their ligands

Receptor Ligand
TLR1 Triacyl lipopeptides
TLR2 Triacyl lipopeptides, peptidoglycans, lipoteichoic acid
TLR3 Viral double-stranded RNA, poly I:C
TLR4 Lipopolysaccharide, heparan, hyaluronate
TLR5 Bacterial flagellin
TLR6 Diacyl lipopeptides
TLR7 Single-stranded RNA, short double-stranded RNA
TLR8 Single-stranded RNA
TLR9 Unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucletides
TLR10 Unknown
TLR11 Profilin
TLR12 Unknown
TLR13 Unknown