Table 1. Subject characteristics.
| Patient | Control | Test | p-value | |
| N = 20 | N = 20 | |||
| Demographic and Psychiatric | ||||
| Mean Age (SD) | 16.5 (1.0) | 16.5 (1.6) | t-test | NS |
| Caucasian (n) | 12 | 15 | chi-square | NS |
| Non-Caucasian (n) | 8 | 5 | ||
| SES Score: Mean (SD) | 47(18) | 35(16) | t-test | p<.03 |
| Social Class | III | IV | ||
| Aggression Score: Mean (SD) | 5.7 (3.2) | 0.5 (1.1) | M-W U | p<.0005 |
| Eysenck Impulsiveness Score: Mean (SD) | 11.9 (6.0) | 6.7 (4.5) | t-test | p<.005 |
| Youth Self Report: CP Mean (SD) | 69.0 (7.7) | 53.8 (4.6) | t-test | p<.0005 |
| CD Lifetime Symptom: Mean (SD) | 6.8 (2.3) | 0.5 (0.6) | M-W U | p<.0005 |
| CD Lifetime Diagnosis (n1) | 19 | 1 | chi-square | p<.0005 |
| CBCL, YSR2, Anx-Dep t-score: Mean (SD) | 57.4 (8.6) | 52.0 (7.3) | M-W U | p<0.007 |
| CBCL, YSR2, Att-Prob Scale t-score: Mean (SD) | 58.3 (8.2) | 53.5 (4.5) | t-test | p = 0.029 |
| Carroll Depression Rating Score: Mean (SD) | 8.5 (6.7) | 4.1 (3.8) | M-W U | p<.02 |
| IQ full-scale t-score: Mean (SD) | 97.1 (9.3) | 104.9 (9.0) | t-test | p<.02 |
| Sub Dep Symptoms, Across Drugs: Mean (SD) | 12.4 (7.2) | 0.2 (.67) | M-W U | p<.0005 |
| Substance Use Disorders 3,4 | ||||
| Tobacco Dependence | 13 | 1 | chi-square | p<.0005 |
| Alcohol Abuse | 8 | 0 | Fisher Exact | p<.004 |
| Alcohol Dependence | 8 | 0 | Fisher Exact | p<.004 |
| Cannabis Abuse | 7 | 0 | Fisher Exact | p<.009 |
| Cannabis Dependence | 10 | 0 | chi-square | p<.0005 |
| Cocaine Abuse | 2 | 0 | Fisher Exact | NS |
| Cocaine Dependence | 2 | 0 | Fisher Exact | NS |
| Club Drugs Abuse | 3 | 0 | Fisher Exact | NS |
| Club Drug Dependence | 4 | 0 | Fisher Exact | NS |
| Hallucinogen Abuse | 2 | 0 | Fisher Exact | NS |
| Amphetamines Dependence | 2 | 0 | Fisher Exact | NS |
| Hallucinogen Dependence | 1 | 0 | Fisher Exact | NS |
| Legal Problems 5 | ||||
| Lifetime Court Appearances: Mean (SD) | 11 (11) | 0 | ||
| Lifetime Admissions to Detention or Jail: Mean (SD) | 3 (4) | 0 | ||
| Days on Probation, Last 6 Months: Mean (SD) | 139 (70) | 0 |
Abbreviations
Att-Prob, Attention Problems Scale. Anx-Dep, Anxious-Depressed Scale. CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist. CD, Conduct Disorder. CP, Conduct Problems t-score. M-W U, Mann-Whitney U test. SES, Socioeconomic Status. Sub Dep, Substance Dependence Symptoms. YSR, Youth Self-Report.
Footnotes
1
No controls met DSM-IV's past-year CD diagnostic criteria.
2
For one patient with no Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report score was substituted.
3
For drugs not listed, no known cases.
4
Multiple disorders in some subjects, so numbers sum >20.
5
No statistical tests, due to lack of variance in control subjects.