Table 1.

Effect of inhibitors of TLR-4 (ultrapure LPS), TLR-2 (Pam3CSK4), and I_f (CsCl) on the rate of [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations in HL-1 cells

Agent	Control, Hz	Inhibitor, Hz	Washout, Hz
Ultrapure LPS, 1 μg/ml	0.045 ± 0.003 (13)	0.016 ± 0.003*	NA
Pam3CSK4, 10 μg/ml	0.043 ± 0.004 (10)	0.048 ± 0.005	NA
Ultrapure LPS + Pam3CSK4	0.037 ± 0.006 (12)	0.015 ± 0.003*	NA
CsCl, 4 mM	0.037 ± 0.004 (3)	0.013 ± 0.002†	0.043 ± 0.008

Values are means ± SE; no. of paired measurements is shown in parentheses. TLR, Toll-like receptor; I_f, pacemaker current; [Ca²⁺]_i, intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration; NA, not applicable.

^*Significantly different from control, P < 0.001;

^†significantly different from control and washout, P < 0.05.