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. 2010 Jul 14;17(9):1381–1389. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00100-10

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Total IgG antibody responses and isotypes specific to H5N1 influenza virus. Groups of mice were immunized using microneedles or intramuscular injection at weeks 0 and 8. Virus-specific IgG antibody titers (A), IgG1 (B) and IgG2 (C) isotypes, and the ratios of IgG1 to IgG2a isotypes (D) were determined at 8 weeks after prime or boost vaccination. The data represent mean protein concentrations ± standard errors of 1:100 diluted serum samples from individual mice (n = 9). Mock, microneedle vaccination without vaccine; MN−, vaccination using microneedles coated with 0.4 μg H5 VLPs in the absence of trehalose; MN+, vaccination using microneedles coated with 0.4 μg H5 VLPs in the presence of trehalose; IM-R, intramuscular immunization with 0.4 μg H5 VLPs redissolved from coated microneedles with trehalose formulation; IM, intramuscular immunization with 0.4 μg unprocessed (intact) H5 VLPs. Each group contained 9 BALB/c mice. The asterisks indicate significant differences (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01).