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. 2010 Sep 7;4:44. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2010.00044

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Piracetam ameliorates elevated Aβ production following mitochondrial dysfunction. (A) Normalized Aβ levels were quantified in brain homogenates from non-tg littermate and tgAPP mice (3 months old). **p < 0.01 piracetam treated tgAPP vs. control tgAPP; student's unpaired t-test. (B) Piracetam reduces nitrosative stress induced elevation of Aβ in APPwt HEK293 cells. Cells were preincubated for 24 h with piracetam (1 mM) and stressed for additional 24 h with SNP (0.5 mM). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3–4). +++p < 0.001 APPwt HEK293 control cells vs. cells treated with SNP, *p < 0.01 APPwt HEK293 cells stressed with SNP 0.5 mM vs. stressed cells preincubated with piracetam; Student's unpaired t-test. (C) Piracetam ameliorates nitrosative stress induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Cells were preincubated for 24 h with piracetam (1 mM) and stressed for additional 24 h with SNP (0.5 mM). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). All data are modified after Kurz et al. (2010). **p < 0.01 APPwt HEK293 cells stressed with SNP 0.5 mM vs. stressed cells preincubated with piracetam, Student's unpaired t-test.