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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 23.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):840–847. doi: 10.1126/science.1178338

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Head and siphonate mouthpart features associated with fluid-feeding Mesopsychidae scorpionflies from the mid-Mesozoic of northeastern China. (A to N) Six specimens of the new mesopsychid genus and species Lichnomesopsyche gloriae Ren, Labandeira & Shih gen. et sp. nov. (13), from the late Middle Jurassic (transitional Bathonian-Callovian) Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. (A) Specimen CNU-M-NN2005020-1. (B) Enlargement of template in (A) as an overlay drawing of head and mouthparts. (C) Overlay drawing of specimen CNU-M-NN2005024. (D) Overlay drawing of specimen CNU-M-NN2005021-1. These images show long, tapering, filiform antennae; head and proboscis setal patterns; large, separate compound eyes; medially adpressed, three-segmented maxillary palps; and proboscis base, indicating a cibarial pump. (E) Enlargement of basal proboscis region from rectangle in (D), exhibiting, from left to right, proboscis base with setal pattern, three-segmented left maxillary palp, and right antenna. (F) Overlay drawing of a proboscis terminus, showing the central food canal, subterminal mouth, and prominent, ventrolaterally placed, type 1 pseudolabellum [CNU-M-NN2005025, counterpart of (L) below]. (G) Reconstruction of head and mouthparts based on details of all specimens. (H) Midproboscis region indicated in (G) is sectioned to illustrate the external pilosity, medial food canal reinforced by longitudinal rodlike structures, and inferred muscles for control of proboscis terminus. (I) Head and detail of basal proboscis region (CNU-M-NN2005029), exhibiting fine, transverse costae lining the food tube, probably representing a sucking pump. (J) Overlay drawing of a ventral proboscis (CNU-M-NN2005-025) from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the proboscis tip in (B). (K) Enlargement of boxed area in (J), a composite of images from five tile scans using extended depth of field (EDF), illustrating the food canal (fc), reinforcing bundles (arrows), and proboscis margin, reconstructed in (H). (L) Photograph of ventral aspect of a proboscis terminus showing subterminal ventrolateral pseudolabellae, distinctive pilosity clothing the external surface, and probable food contents as a vertical, blobby line at left side of food canal [CNU-MM-2005-025, counterpart of (F) above]. (N) Lateral view of a ventrolateral terminal pad and mouth (CNU-M-NN2005-027-2), representing specimen tip in (M) outlined by a rectangle. (O to R) Specimen of a mesopsychid species, Vitimopsyche kozlovi Ren, Labandeira & Shih sp. nov. (13) (CNU-M-HP2005001), from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) Yixian Formation of Hebei, northeastern China. (O) Camera lucida drawing. (P) Head and siphonate mouthpart region from rectangle in (O), enlarged as a SEM image integrating five EDF tile scans. (Q) Drawing of image in (P), showing formerly conjoined, subsurface, labial premental-palpal halves with possible tongue-and-groove interlocking. (R) Drawing of an associated pectinate antennal fragment occurring adjacent to the head in (O). Scale bars: solid, 10 mm; striped, 1 mm; dotted, 0.1 mm.