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. 2010 Jul 7;104(3):1426–1437. doi: 10.1152/jn.00028.2010

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Fig. 3. — Responses to pitch-shifted songs. A: examples of pitch-shifted songs. Left: unshifted song. Top right: same song shifted up by 0.71 octaves (64%). Bottom right: same song shifted down by 0.71 octaves (64%). In this manipulation, the frequency content of the song was changed but the temporal pattern remained the same. A shift in pitch leads to vertical expansion or compression of notes with harmonic structure. Pitch-shifted probe stimuli were presented at low probability (10–15%) between unaltered training trials and were rewarded without regard to the female's response. B: performance of one bird on pitch-shifted probe stimuli. Left: percent correct as a function of pitch shift (—). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals on percent correct obtained by fitting data to a binomial distribution., the mean ± SD of the bird's performance on control training trials, averaged across the same days (n = 16). - - - the range of natural pitch variation in individual's songs (±3%) · · · , chance behavior. The bird's performance overlaps with control performance within this range and falls off rapidly outside it. Middle: percent response as a function of pitch shift (—) with 95% confidence intervals., the mean ± SD of percent response for control trials. Response rates do not change with pitch and overlap with response rates for control trials. Right: reaction time as a function of pitch shift (—) with SD., the mean ± SD of reaction time for control trials. Reaction times for probe trials fall within the range of reaction times for control trials. C: responses of 5 birds (including the example in B) to pitch-shifted probe stimuli. Left: differently shaded symbols represent the percent correct for each bird at each condition. The black line represents the mean across birds. Error bars at the top left represent the mean ± SD of each birds' performance on control trials. Data from the same bird are represented by the same symbol as in the main plot. All birds show a decrease in performance for songs outside the range of natural variability and chance behavior for the largest pitch shifts. Middle: percent response for all birds as a function of pitch shift with the mean across birds shown in black. Right: mean reaction time for all birds with the mean across birds shown in black.

Inline graphic — Responses to pitch-shifted songs. A: examples of pitch-shifted songs. Left: unshifted song. Top right: same song shifted up by 0.71 octaves (64%). Bottom right: same song shifted down by 0.71 octaves (64%). In this manipulation, the frequency content of the song was changed but the temporal pattern remained the same. A shift in pitch leads to vertical expansion or compression of notes with harmonic structure. Pitch-shifted probe stimuli were presented at low probability (10–15%) between unaltered training trials and were rewarded without regard to the female's response. B: performance of one bird on pitch-shifted probe stimuli. Left: percent correct as a function of pitch shift (—). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals on percent correct obtained by fitting data to a binomial distribution., the mean ± SD of the bird's performance on control training trials, averaged across the same days (n = 16). - - - the range of natural pitch variation in individual's songs (±3%) · · · , chance behavior. The bird's performance overlaps with control performance within this range and falls off rapidly outside it. Middle: percent response as a function of pitch shift (—) with 95% confidence intervals., the mean ± SD of percent response for control trials. Response rates do not change with pitch and overlap with response rates for control trials. Right: reaction time as a function of pitch shift (—) with SD., the mean ± SD of reaction time for control trials. Reaction times for probe trials fall within the range of reaction times for control trials. C: responses of 5 birds (including the example in B) to pitch-shifted probe stimuli. Left: differently shaded symbols represent the percent correct for each bird at each condition. The black line represents the mean across birds. Error bars at the top left represent the mean ± SD of each birds' performance on control trials. Data from the same bird are represented by the same symbol as in the main plot. All birds show a decrease in performance for songs outside the range of natural variability and chance behavior for the largest pitch shifts. Middle: percent response for all birds as a function of pitch shift with the mean across birds shown in black. Right: mean reaction time for all birds with the mean across birds shown in black.