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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2011;344:173–192. doi: 10.1007/82_2010_48

Figure 5. Approaches to DC-based immune intervention in cancer.

Figure 5

1) Vaccines based on antigen with or without adjuvant that target DCs randomly. That might result in vaccine antigens being taken up by a “wrong” type of DCs in the periphery which might lead to “unwanted” type of immune response. Vaccine antigens could also flow to draining lymph nodes where they can be captured by resident DCs; 2) Vaccines based on ex-vivo generated tumor antigen-loaded DCs that are injected back into patients; and 3) specific in vivo DC targeting with anti-DC antibodies fused with antigens and with DC activators. 4) Next generation clinical trials will test optimized DC vaccines combined with patient-adjusted approaches to block Tregs and to breakdown the tumor environment. These therapies will be tested in pre-selected patients thereby leading to personalized therapy.