Table 2.
Study characteristics
| Study | Patients | Intervention | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age (range) | ISS (range, ± SD) | Test | Control | Delivery | Initiation | Duration | Length of follow-up | |
| Browder et al, 1990 [29] | 38 | 34 (18-65) | 24 (8-41) | Glucan | placebo (saline) | i.v. | after exploratory laparotomy or thoracotomy | 7 days | 10 days |
| Bulger et al, 2008 [19] | 209 | 38 (13-90) | 28 (0-75) | Hypertonic saline + Dextran | Lactated Ringer solution | i.v. | initial reperfusion fluid | single dose | 28 days |
| Croce et al, 1998 [24] | 16 | 32 (15-75) | 29 | Partial liquid ventilation with perflubron | Conventional mechanical ventilation | Inhaled | day of admission | 4 days | hospital discharge |
| de Felippe et al, 1993 [30] | 41 | 35 (16-76) | n.r.* | Glucan | placebo | i.v. | 12-145 hr (mean 46.2 hr) after admission | 3-17 days | hospital discharge |
| Douzinas et al, 2000 [32] | 39 | 32 | 24 (16-50) | Immunoglobulin | placebo (albumin) | i.v. | 12 hr after admission | 6 days | hospital discharge |
| Dries et al, 1998 [18] | 73 | 31 | 34 (21-59) | rhIFN-γ | placebo | s.c. | within 30 hr of injury | 21 days or hospital discharge | 60 days |
| Glinz et al, 1985 [20] | 150 | 39 (15-78) | 30 (9-66) | Immunoglobulin | placebo (albumin) | i.v. | within 24 hr of starting mechanical ventilation | 12 days | 42 days |
| Livingston et al, 1994 [31] | 98 | 30 (>16) | 30 (±8) | rhIFN-γ | placebo | s.c. | day of admission | 10 days | 30 days |
| Marzi et al, 1993 [25] | 24 | 32 (18-57) | 34 (27-57) | superoxide dismutase | placebo (sucrose) | i.v. | within 48 hr of injury | 5 days | 14 days |
| Miller & Lim, 1985 [14] | 28 | n.r. | >10 | Dextran + standard treatment | standard treatment | i.v. | within 12 hr of admission | 5 days | 4 weeks |
| Nakos et al, 2002 [26] | 21 | 49 (35-67) | 41 (24-62) | rhIFN-γ | placebo | inhaled | 2nd or 3rd day after admission | 7 days | hospital discharge |
| Nathens et al, 2006 [21] | 268 | 42 (>17) | 24 (±11) | Leukoreduced (<5 × 10^6 WBC) RBC transfusion | Nonleukoreduced (5 × 10^9WBC) RBC transfusion | i.v. | within 24 hr of injury | 28 days | 28 days |
| Polk et al, 1992 [22] | 193 | 32 (>15) | 33 (>20) | rhIFN-γ | placebo | s.c. | day of admission | 10 days | 90 days |
| Rhee et al, 2000 [23] | 116 | 40 (>18) | 20 (±11) | rhMAbCD18 | placebo | i.v. | day of admission | single dose | hospital discharge |
| Rizoli et al, 2006 [27] | 24 | 48 (>16) | 26 (±11) | Hypertonic saline + Dextran | placebo (saline) | i.v. | upon arrival in de emergency department | single dose | hospital discharge |
| Seekamp et al, 2004 [16] | 84 | 36 (17-72) | 32 (17-59) | Anti-L-Selectin (Aselizumab) | placebo | i.v. | within 6 hr of injury | single dose | 42 days |
| Vassar et al, 1991 [15] | 48 | 36 | 31 (±3) | Prostaglandin E1 | placebo | i.v. | 24-48 hr after hospital admission | 7 days | hospital discharge |
| Waydhas et al, 1998 [28] | 40 | 33 (18-70) | 41 (±13) | Antithrombin III | placebo (albumin) | i.v. | within 6 hr of injury | 4 days | hospital discharge |
IFN, interferon; ISS, injury severity score; i.v., intravenous; n, number; n.r., not reported; RBC, red blood cell; s.c., subcutaneous; WBC, white blood cell; * Trauma score 10, denoted as 'severe multiple trauma'.