Fig. 1. Experimental design.

All groups rested for 90 min in euglycemic range (T1DM required insulin/glucose infusions to achieve euglycemia prior to the 90 min period and euglycemic clamp throughout the remainder of the study). Exercise consisted of 2-min cycling at ~80% VO₂max followed by 1-min rest, completed 10 times. Blood samples were drawn before, during (at 18 min), peak-, and 30-min post-exercise. White bar, resting period; grey bar, cycling; large black arrow, blood draw for all analytes; small black arrow, additional small blood draws for quantification of IL-6.