Table 3.
Relationship of Brachial FMD With Retinal Venular Caliber, Stratified by Diabetes and Hypertension Status and Race/Ethnicity
| Retinal Venular Caliber | Brachial FMD, % |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD* | P | Interaction P Value† | |
| No diabetes | |||
| Reference (first to third quartile) | 4.59±4.75 | 0.006 | 0.20 |
| Widest venules (fourth quartile) | 4.23±3.32 | ||
| Diabetes | |||
| Reference (first to third quartile) | 4.13±4.27 | 0.18 | |
| Widest venules (fourth quartile) | 3.77±3.22 | ||
| No Hypertension | |||
| Reference (first to third quartile) | 4.77±8.08 | 0.02 | 0.43 |
| Widest venules (fourth quartile) | 4.34±5.05 | ||
| Hypertension | |||
| Reference (first to third quartile) | 4.17±4.40 | 0.08 | |
| Widest venules (fourth quartile) | 3.89±3.20 | ||
| Whites | |||
| Reference (first to third quartile) | 4.66±5.49 | 0.04 | 0.75 |
| Widest venules (fourth quartile) | 4.13±3.18 | ||
| Blacks | |||
| Reference (first to third quartile) | 3.60±3.78 | 0.63 | |
| Widest venules (fourth quartile) | 3.49±3.11 | ||
| Hispanics | |||
| Reference (first to third quartile) | 4.93±4.47 | 0.51 | |
| Widest venules (fourth quartile) | 4.79±3.35 | ||
| Chinese | |||
| Reference (first to third quartile) | 3.62±13.92 | 0.72 | |
| Widest venules (fourth quartile) | 3.52±8.13 | ||
*
Model adjusted for age, gender, race, study center, retinal arteriolar caliber, total cholesterol, systolic BP and antihypertensive medication (except for stratification for hypertension), use of lipid-lowering medication, BMI, current smoking status, and hemoglobinA1C (except in stratification for diabetes).
†
P values for heterogeneity/interaction between subgroups.