Table 3.
Systems-contextual level: Training and organizational support
| References | n | EST | Patient | Therapist | Training | Active elements | Outcome variables | Design | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crits-Christoph et al. (1998) | 65 | CT, DP, DC | Adult subst. use | Therapists and counselors | Manual + 4 two- day workshops (didactic, role- play discussion) + supervision | Role-plays | 1. S | Convenience sample; pre–post assessment; SM; no control group; no f / u; no RA | 1. CT showed per training case (across case). 2. DC and DP showed learning within cases but not across. |
| Henry, Strupp, et al. (1993) | 16 | TLDP | Adults Axis I and Axis II | Psychiatrists and psychologists | 50 weekly 2-hour workshops (didactic), manual, supervision | None | 1. S | Convenience sample; pre–post assessment; SM; no control group; no f / u; no RA | 1. Some S increased and some decreased |
| Luoma et al. (2007) | 30 | GDC | Adult subst. use | Community clinicians | 6-hour workshop (didactics, q / a, role- plays) + eight 1.5-hour consultations from an ACT and relapse prevention model | Role-plays | 1. Sa 2. Self-reported adoption 3. Burnout |
Pre–post assessment; 2- to 4-month f / u; RA; control group; ICM and SM | 1. Sa high in both groups 2. Adoption and personal accomplishment higher in intervention |
| Moyers et al. (2008) | 129 | MI | Adult subst. use | Behavioral health providers | Self-directed training vs. workshop vs. workshop + training enrichment | Varied per training condition | 1. MI competence | Pre–post assessment; 4-month f / u; RA; comparison group; SM | 1. Improved competence in all groups 2. No difference between workshop and workshop + training enrichment 3. Decay in competence at f / u |
| Sanders, Murphy- Brennan, et al. (2003) | 331 | Triple P | At-risk youth | General therapists | Reading, 2-day workshop, 1-day accreditation, access to web support network | Active skills training | 1. Perceived S 2. Sa |
Convenience sample; pre–post assessment; ICM; no control group; no f / u; no RA | 1. High Sa 2. Increased perceived S |
| Sholomskas et al. (2005) | 78 | CBT | Adult subst. use | Community clinicians | Manual only vs. manual + 20- hour web training vs. 3-day didactic workshop + three 1-hour supervision | Web-based role-plays and in vivo role- plays | 1. Rated A 2. Rated S 3. K |
Not fully randomized; pre–post group assessment; control group; no f / u (post-Sup); SM | 1. Increased S and A workshop + supervision when compared with manual + web at post + f / u. 2. Increased S, and A in Manual + web Compared with Manual only. 3. No Difference in Knowledge |
Note. CT, cognitive therapy; DP, dynamic psychotherapy; DC, drug counseling; S, skill; SM, standardized measure; RA, random assignment; f / u, follow-up; TLDP, time-limited dynamic psychotherapy; GDC, group drug counseling; q / a, questions and answers; ACT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Sa, satisfaction; ICM, investigator-created measure; MI, motivational interviewing; CBT, cognitive-behavioral therapy; A, adherence; K, knowledge; post-Sup, postsupervision.