TABLE 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population by Cohort
| Cohort 1 (n = 7) | Cohort 2 (n = 57) | |
|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 35 (61%) | 41 (72%) |
| Mean age (yrs) ± 1 standard deviation | 7.2 ± 5.3 | 7.3 ± 5.2 |
| Glasgow Coma Score | ||
| <8 | 5 | 3 |
| 8–10 | 1 | 1 |
| 10–12 | 5 | 2 |
| 13–14 | 11 | 11 |
| 15 | 35 | 40 |
| Head CT | ||
| Normal | 38 (67%) | 37 (65%) |
| Abnormal* | 19 (33%) | 20 (35%) |
| EDH | 5 | 13 |
| SDH | 9 | 5 |
| ICH/edema† | 6 | 6 |
| SAH | 8 | 2 |
| ICP‡ | 2 | 1 |
| Interval between injury and phlebotomy | ||
| Median (range) | 93 min (10–1020 min) | |
| Main secondary injuries or condition | ||
| None | 35 | 31 |
| ETOH intoxication | 2 | 0 |
| Large organ injury§ | 2 | 0 |
| Skull Fx | 7 | 16 |
| Face Fx | 6 | 6 |
| Other Fx | 4 | 4 |
| Cardiac arrest | 1 | 0 |
EDH, epidural hematoma; SDH, subdural hematoma; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; ICP, intracranial pressure; Fx, fracture; ETOH, ethanol.
*
Sum of individual injury types is greater than the total abnormal because some studies showed more than one injury type.
†
Includes small areas of intracranial hemorrhage, edema, or contusion.
‡
Includes evidence of increased ICP such as midline shift or ventricular or cisternal effacement.
§
Large organ injury includes one liver laceration and one pulmonary contusion.