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Withaferin A (1) induced apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. HNSCC cells were treated with 5.0 μM of 1 for 24 h and then harvested and stained with annexin V and propidium iodide followed by analysis by flow cytometry. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Treatment with 1 exhibited an increase in annexin V and PI staining that indicated early as well as late apoptotic events. JMAR cells treated with 1 showed significant necrosis.
