Table 1.
Torsion-related | Nontorsion-related (thrombosis) |
---|---|
– Primary (idiopathic) | – Spontaneous infarction |
– Secondary to adhesions, hernias, or tumours | – Hypercoagulable states |
– Vascular abnormality | |
– Trauma |
Torsion-related | Nontorsion-related (thrombosis) |
---|---|
– Primary (idiopathic) | – Spontaneous infarction |
– Secondary to adhesions, hernias, or tumours | – Hypercoagulable states |
– Vascular abnormality | |
– Trauma |