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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Feb;128(2):198–205. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.391

Table 2.

Relationship of Various Characteristics to Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent and Central Retinal Venular Equivalent at Baseline in the Renin-Angiotensin System Study

Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent (μm) Central Retinal Venular Equivalent (μm)
Characteristic N Mean SD P-value* N Mean SD P-value*
Gender
 Male 67 156.861 13.08 0.20 67 226.38 20.74 0.74
 Female 80 159.745 13.93 80 227.57 21.72
Age
 15–29 yrs 64 163.31 13.27 <.0001 64 236.78 19.82 <.0001
 30–58 yrs 83 154.66 12.65 83 219.51 19.19
Glycosylated hemoglobin (%)
 5.5-7.8 46 157.43 14.19 0.10 46 225.48 18.18 0.32
 7.9-8.8 57 158.57 14.52 57 228.42 24.28
 8.9-15.3 44 159.30 11.80 44 226.85 20.23
Body mass index (kg/m2)
 20.0-23.9 45 159.95 12.07 0.78 45 224.78 21.00 0.19
 24.0-26.9 51 156.70 14.78 51 226.61 22.55
 27.0-43.9 51 158.82 13.66 51 229.43 20.18
Clinic SBP (mmHg)
 90-113 47 161.45 12.49 0.001 47 230.95 18.00 0.03
 114-124 51 160.11 14.39 51 226.32 24.88
 125-152 49 153.79 12.73 49 224.00 19.71
Clinic DBP (mmHg)
 42-66 46 162.73 12.55 0.0002 46 229.93 18.14 0.005
 67-73 53 157.86 12.44 53 229.66 20.61
 74-97 48 154.94 14.84 48 221.33 23.76
Clinic MABP (mmHg)
 63-81 47 163.58 12.08 <.0001 47 231.76 16.41 0.01
 82-90 50 157.30 13.21 50 225.89 24.32
 91-115 50 154.72 14.04 50 223.71 21.51
Clinic pulse pressure (mmHg)
 30-46 52 158.97 14.44 0.61 52 227.28 24.17 0.80
 47-54 52 158.64 13.20 52 226.08 18.90
 55-81 43 157.52 13.24 43 227.86 20.49
Ambulatory pulse (beats/min)
 59-74 44 154.39 14.45 0.10 44 222.23 20.98 0.03
 75-82 42 158.95 11.44 42 224.15 20.93
 83-103 29 160.27 15.20 29 233.16 21.27
Ambulatory 24-hour SBP (mmHg)
 97-112 40 161.44 14.51 0.005 40 223.29 22.19 0.93
 113-121 38 157.62 13.70 38 227.94 22.37
 122-151 37 153.23 11.90 37 225.97 19.49
Ambulatory 24-hour DBP (mmHg)
 59-68 40 161.99 14.27 0.04 40 227.44 22.44 0.62
 69-72 43 156.34 11.99 43 225.23 20.10
 73-96 32 153.59 14.15 32 224.11 21.99
Ambulatory daytime SBP (mmHg)
 98-116 44 162.20 13.76 0.001 44 225.43 21.60 0.48
 117-125 39 157.03 13.76 39 227.36 22.54
 126-164 32 151.74 11.61 32 224.00 19.86
Ambulatory daytime DBP (mmHg)
 62-72 39 162.65 11.71 0.002 39 230.44 19.46 0.14
 73-77 43 157.06 14.24 43 225.47 22.63
 78-98 33 152.13 13.49 33 220.35 20.99
Ambulatory nighttime SBP (mmHg)
 90-106 42 159.88 15.11 0.06 42 224.42 22.67 0.58
 107-116 43 158.33 12.76 43 226.56 20.52
 117-152 30 153.12 12.46 30 226.22 21.12
Ambulatory nighttime DBP (mmHg)
 51-61 37 160.88 12.67 0.25 37 226.82 21.76 0.75
 62-68 53 156.08 14.03 53 224.20 19.54
 69-97 25 155.69 14.33 25 227.18 24.74
Smoking status
 Non-smoker 110 157.95 13.79 0.46 110 226.29 20.71 0.47
 Smoker 37 159.85 13.02 37 229.21 22.82
Dipping status
 Dipper 115 158.08 14.21 0.55 115 226.30 22.33 0.43
 Non-dipper 32 159.70 11.13 32 229.64 16.64
Treatment
 Placebo 51 158.93 14.65 0.24 51 225.43 23.38 0.50
 Enalapril 48 155.87 14.08 48 225.74 19.33
 Losartan 48 160.47 11.64 48 230.01 20.73
Diabetic retinopathy
 None 54 154.72 13.11 0.43 54 223.42 19.49 0.22
 Mild nonproliferative 75 161.41 13.42 75 229.09 22.24
 Moderate to severe 15 157.43 12.81 15 230.39 18.09
nonproliferative
 Proliferative 3 155.71 19.25 3 223.65 39.78
*

P-value is for correlation between each continuous variable and CRAE or CRVE or for ANOVA test for difference between mean CRAE and CRVE for categorical variables.

Abbreviations: SD=standard deviation; SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; MABP= mean arterial blood pressure.