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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Feb;128(2):198–205. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.391

Table 4.

Relationship of Various Characteristics to 5-year Change in Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent and 5-year Change in Central Retinal Venular Equivalent at Baseline in the Renin-Angiotensin System Study

5-year Change in Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent (μm) 5-year Change in Central Retinal Venular Equivalent (μm)
Characteristic N Mean SD P-value* N Mean SD P-value*
Gender
 Male 56 1.60 8.22 0.99 56 3.70 14.58 0.81
 Female 68 1.62 8.13 68 4.39 16.90
Age
 15-29 yrs 53 0.47 6.72 0.12 53 1.76 12.21 0.17
 30-58 yrs 71 2.46 9.01 71 5.81 17.97
Glycosylated hemoglobin (%)
 5.5-7.8 38 0.95 6.36 0.89 38 1.71 17.09 0.06
 7.9-8.8 48 2.66 9.33 48 3.47 16.16
 8.9-15.3 38 0.95 8.17 38 7.21 13.91
Body mass index (kg/m2)
 20.0-23.9 37 2.61 8.44 0.62 37 5.18 15.11 0.44
 24.0-26.9 45 2.06 7.75 45 4.80 16.64
 27.0-43.9 42 0.25 8.28 42 2.34 15.81
Clinic SBP (mmHg)
 90-113 39 0.44 6.04 0.26 39 -1.77 10.59 0.01
 114-124 44 1.71 7.86 44 4.81 15.48
 125-152 41 2.62 10.01 41 8.86 18.69
Clinic DBP (mmHg)
 42-66 38 0.77 7.71 0.08 38 1.94 16.29 0.02
 67-73 47 2.08 8.34 47 2.72 13.52
 74-97 39 1.87 8.45 39 7.81 17.63
Clinic MABP (mmHg)
 63-81 37 0.72 5.72 0.09 37 1.14 14.52 0.01
 82-90 45 0.94 8.83 45 2.55 14.68
 91-115 42 3.11 9.10 42 8.31 17.52
Clinic pulse pressure (mmHg)
 30-46 43 1.54 6.17 0.99 43 2.33 13.08 0.25
 47-54 44 1.45 8.64 44 2.45 16.06
 55-81 37 1.88 9.62 37 8.05 18.05
Ambulatory pulse (beats/min)
 59-74 38 4.25 10.17 0.29 38 6.78 18.41 0.49
 75-82 35 0.46 7.51 35 2.92 17.25
 83-103 24 0.28 7.82 24 5.01 14.65
Ambulatory 24-hour SBP (mmHg)
 97-112 34 1.03 8.10 0.22 34 4.35 17.04 0.86
 113-121 31 0.88 7.95 31 3.58 17.41
 122-151 32 3.81 10.25 32 6.91 17.05
Ambulatory 24-hour DBP (mmHg)
 59-68 33 -0.29 6.74 0.10 33 4.14 14.48 0.25
 69-72 38 2.13 8.53 38 2.06 13.85
 73-96 26 4.34 11.01 26 10.20 22.81
Ambulatory daytime SBP (mmHg)
 98-116 36 0.47 7.59 0.28 36 4.75 16.73 0.98
 117-125 33 0.95 8.28 33 3.88 16.69
 126-164 28 4.85 10.42 28 6.47 18.32
Ambulatory daytime DBP (mmHg)
 62-72 31 0.19 6.04 0.03 31 3.34 11.19 0.18
 73-77 39 1.47 8.89 39 2.40 17.10
 78-98 27 4.48 10.95 27 10.48 21.34
Ambulatory nighttime SBP (mmHg)
 90-106 37 1.56 8.10 0.15 37 2.99 16.62 0.56
 107-116 33 0.58 8.77 33 5.42 19.02
 117-152 27 3.97 9.78 27 7.06 15.29
Ambulatory nighttime DBP (mmHg)
 51-61 32 1.21 8.79 0.14 32 1.92 14.28 0.20
 62-68 43 1.78 8.24 43 6.10 19.73
 69-97 22 3.14 10.23 22 7.11 15.03
Smoking status
 Non-smoker 94 1.40 8.23 0.60 94 4.08 16.81 0.99
 Smoker 30 2.28 7.92 30 4.07 12.52
Dipping status
 Dipper 99 1.56 8.14 0.90 99 3.95 16.48 0.85
 Non-dipper 25 1.79 8.28 25 4.61 13.26
Diabetic retinopathy
 None 54 223.42 19.49 0.35 54 223.42 19.49 0.56
 Early 75 229.09 22.24 75 229.09 22.24
 Moderate to severe 15 230.39 18.09 15 230.39 18.09
 Proliferative 3 223.65 39.78 3 223.65 39.78
*

P-value is for correlation between each continuous variable and CRAE or CRVE or for ANOVA test for difference between mean CRAE and CRVE for categorical variables.

Abbreviations: SD=standard deviation; SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; MABP= mean arterial blood pressure.