Table 3.
Serial analyses of BAL cytokines and chemokines in SHIV-infected monkeys.
| Cytokine/ | Weeks After | SHIV/Pc+ | SHIV/Pc− | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemokine | SHIV Infection | Mean (pg/mL) | Std Dev | p (vs BL) | Mean (pg/mL) | Std Dev | p (vs BL) |
| IL-4 | BL | 71.25 | 30.7 | 70.21 | 28.9 | ||
| 4 | 78.7 | 30.5 | 0.549 | 96.07 | 39.7 | 0.310 | |
| 16 | 146.8 | 42.9 | 0.004 | 72.13 | 33.8 | 0.230 | |
| 35 | 134.3 | 40.6 | 0.026 | 94.74 | 61.2 | 0.390 | |
| IL-5 | BL | 65.72 | 26.2 | 64.3 | 31.5 | ||
| 4 | 68.44 | 25.4 | 0.774 | 77.83 | 31.4 | 0.642 | |
| 16 | 143.5 | 40 | 0.003 | 66.41 | 27.5 | 0.343 | |
| 35 | 153.6 | 48.5 | 0.007 | 83.51 | 48.8 | 0.221 | |
| IL-13 | BL | 11.8 | 4.4 | 12.6 | 6.1 | ||
| 4 | 11.0 | 7.3 | 0.797 | 18.3 | 4.8 | 0.148 | |
| 16 | 21.6 | 4.8 | 0.005 | 10.7 | 4.0 | 0.595 | |
| 35 | 15.0 | 6.4 | 0.247 | 8.5 | 1.0 | 0.213 | |
| IL-10 | BL | 583.5 | 303.6 | 573.3 | 442.6 | ||
| 4 | 774.4 | 357.2 | 0.797 | 718.5 | 283.7 | 0.507 | |
| 16 | 752.7 | 279.1 | 0.005 | 474.1 | 298.9 | 0.309 | |
| 35 | 442.8 | 155.6 | 0.247 | 384.8 | 410.8 | 0.652 | |
| IFN-γ | BL | 62.5 | 34.5 | 53.1 | 28.5 | ||
| 4 | 59.7 | 43.3 | 0.881 | 104.4 | 72.3 | 0.346 | |
| 16 | 179.2 | 71.8 | 0.005 | 53.9 | 45.6 | 0.528 | |
| 35 | 106.6 | 58.3 | 0.176 | 70.5 | 27.2 | 0.067 | |
| IL-12 (p40) | BL | 23.0 | 52.3 | 82.6 | 131.0 | ||
| 4 | 9.4 | 22.6 | 0.266 | 8.5 | 17.0 | 0.351 | |
| 16 | 305.3 | 388.8 | 0.058 | 78.2 | 81.6 | 0.367 | |
| 35 | 241.0 | 462.6 | 0.239 | 80.2 | 96.0 | 0.982 | |
| Lymphotoxin | BL | 117.0 | 43.5 | 124.0 | 68.1 | ||
| 4 | 128.1 | 61.5 | 0.579 | 137.9 | 39.8 | 0.782 | |
| 16 | 241.6 | 56.5 | 0.002 | 98.7 | 27.4 | 0.793 | |
| 35 | 248.9 | 93.9 | 0.019 | 152.3 | 84.2 | 0.241 | |
| TNF-α | BL | 85.9 | 45.7 | 36.5 | 31.1 | ||
| 4 | 109.2 | 51.9 | 0.309 | 78.4 | 36.4 | 0.204 | |
| 16 | 232.6 | 89.2 | 0.006 | 83.7 | 37.2 | 0.115 | |
| 35 | 153.2 | 61.4 | 0.079 | 66.4 | 30.7 | 0.013 | |
| IL-1β | BL | 81.3 | 31.2 | 83.2 | 43.9 | ||
| 4 | 93.0 | 49.5 | 0.476 | 100.2 | 17.9 | 0.508 | |
| 16 | 160.9 | 46.4 | 0.006 | 86.0 | 25.0 | 0.325 | |
| 35 | 192.0 | 81.4 | 0.018 | 120.7 | 76.2 | 0.177 | |
| IL-6 | BL | 113.7 | 43.7 | 114.5 | 54.1 | ||
| 4 | 120.8 | 58.5 | 0.776 | 144.6 | 28.9 | 0.499 | |
| 16 | 221 | 50.7 | 0.004 | 95.53 | 36.1 | 0.865 | |
| 35 | 196.4 | 69 | 0.04 | 137.4 | 71.4 | 0.296 | |
| IL-8 | BL | 161.1 | 83.4 | 185.4 | 141.0 | ||
| 4 | 251.3 | 258.2 | 0.327 | 174.2 | 45.7 | 0.893 | |
| 16 | 304.5 | 105.8 | 0.013 | 142.8 | 66.3 | 0.464 | |
| 35 | 385.8 | 248.4 | 0.059 | 400.2 | 416.2 | 0.224 | |
| GM-CSF | BL | 82.0 | 51.1 | 72.2 | 44.4 | ||
| 4 | 80.8 | 22.6 | 0.951 | 76.9 | 40.0 | 0.909 | |
| 16 | 198.1 | 73.0 | 0.007 | 66.8 | 26.9 | 0.584 | |
| 35 | 173.2 | 70.8 | 0.040 | 121.7 | 55.9 | 0.096 | |
| MIP-1α | BL | 148.8 | 172.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| 4 | 109.1 | 144.0 | 0.541 | 155.9 | 192.8 | 0.204 | |
| 16 | 579.7 | 300.0 | 0.010 | 214.4 | 196.4 | 0.199 | |
| 35 | 307.1 | 219.1 | 0.181 | 1068 | 1931 | 0.350 | |
| MCP-1 | BL | 2006.0 | 1695.0 | 1951.0 | 2249.0 | ||
| 4 | 1549.0 | 1222.0 | 0.508 | 2736.0 | 2414.0 | 0.427 | |
| 16 | 3905.0 | 6292.0 | 0.325 | 725.4 | 184.7 | 0.607 | |
| 35 | 4947.0 | 5785.0 | 0.177 | 13150.0 | 22628.0 | 0.352 | |
| RANTES | BL | 91.2 | 86.8 | 176.4 | 136.2 | ||
| 4 | 55.5 | 32.2 | 0.318 | 70.8 | 25.5 | 0.248 | |
| 16 | 124.3 | 55.2 | 0.151 | 67.8 | 40.2 | 0.203 | |
| 35 | 438.4 | 471.9 | 0.060 | 122.5 | 36.1 | 0.528 | |
BL: baseline
Pc colonization was detected by 8 weeks post-SHIV infection.
p values, analyzed by paired t test, are for baseline measurements versus measurements for the indicated week post-SHIV infection in SHIV/Pc+ (n = 8) and SHIV/Pc− (n = 4) animals. Timepoints where significant changes in cytokine levels were detected are shaded light gray.