Table 2.
Hazard ratios for studied end points according to treatment at time of a study endpoint
| Glucose-lowering drug | Cardiovascular mortality | Composite of cardiovascular mortality and non-fatal MI |
All-cause mortality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Metformin | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Insulin | 1.49 | 1.34-1.66 | 1.38 | 1.25-1.52 | 1.50 | 1.35-1.65 |
| Glibenclamide | 1.37 | 1.21-1.54 | 1.31 | 1.17-1.46 | 1.34 | 1.19-1.50 |
| Glimepiride | 1.32 | 1.17-1.48 | 1.19 | 1.06-1.32 | 1.30 | 1.16-1.45 |
| Glipizide | 1.33 | 1.16-1.52 | 1.25 | 1.11-1.42 | 1.30 | 1.14-1.48 |
| Gliclazide | 1.10 | 0.92-1.32 | 1.03 | 0.88-1.22 | 1.06 | 0.90-1.26 |
| Tolbutamide | 1.22 | 1.06-1.41 | 1.18 | 1.03-1.34 | 1.21 | 1.06-1.38 |
| All sulfonylureas | 1.28 | 1.14-1.44 | 1.20 | 1.08-1.33 | 1.25 | 1.13-1.40 |
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for adverse cardiovascular end points according to glucose-lowering drug (monotherapy) at the time of a study endpoint. Time-dependent Cox analyses were performed with adjustments for age, sex, socioeconomic status, calendar year, concomitant pharmacotherapy, and comorbidity. MI = Myocardial infarction.