Table 3.
Unadjusted and Adjusted* Odds Ratios for the association between Health Behaviors and other factors and incident Fibromyalgia in Women, the Adventist Health Study, California. 1976–2002 (N=3,136)
| Non-cases | Case | Unadjusted | Adjusted* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=3,000 | N=136 | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| n (%) | N (%) | |||||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 2,681 (89.4) | 105 (77.2) | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| Ever | 285 (9.5) | 26 (19.1) | 2.33 | 1.49–3.64 | 2.53 | 1.52–4.23 |
| Current Alcohol use | ||||||
| None | 2,948 (98.3) | 132 (97.1) | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| Some | 52 (1.7) | 3 (2.2) | 1.72 | 0.61–4.82 | 1.72 | 0.60–4.97 |
| Exercise | ||||||
| None | 973 (32.4) | 48 (35.3) | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| Low | 457 (15.2) | 21 (15.4) | 0.93 | 0.55–1.57 | 1.00 | 0.56–1.79 |
| Moderate | 486 (16.2) | 19 (14.0) | 0.79 | 0.46–1.36 | 0.85 | 0.46–1.58 |
| High | 1059 (35.3) | 43 (31.6) | 0.82 | 0.54–1.25 | 0.94 | 0.59–1.50 |
| No. of surgeries | ||||||
| 0 | 509 (17.0) | 14 (10.3) | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1–2 | 1,822 (60.7) | 83 (61.0) | 1.66 | 0.93–2.94 | 2.08 | 1.08–4.00 |
| ≥ 3 | 631 (21.0) | 32 (23.5) | 1.84 | 0.97–3.49 | 2.99 | 1.38–6.44 |
| Symptom control medicine‡ | ||||||
| No | 2,586 (86.2) | 108 (79.4) | 1.00 | Referent | Referent | |
| Yes | 346 (11.5) | 19 (14.0) | 1.32 | 0.80–2.17 | 1.73 | 1.01–2.95 |
*
adjusted for age, BMI, education, employed, marital status
‡
“Symptom control medication” includes taking any of the following medications one or more times per week: pain relievers, medicine for indigestion, tranquilizers, sleeping pills or pep pills.