Table 5.
OLS Regressions of Changes in Psychological Distress/Depression on Health Risk Factors, Childhood Health, SES, and Job Characteristics, by Gender
| WOMEN (n=2,179) |
MEN (n=1,821) |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|||||||||
| b | (s.e.) | b | (s.e.) | b | (s.e.) | b | (s.e.) | b | (s.e.) | b | (s.e.) | b | (s.e.) | b | (s.e.) | |
| Depression Scale: 1993 | 0.45 | (0.02)** | 0.44 | (0.02)** | 0.44 | (0.02)** | 0.44 | (0.02)** | 0.45 | (0.02)** | 0.45 | (0.02)** | 0.45 | (0.02)** | 0.45 | (0.02)** |
| Completed 0 to 3 Years of College | — | −1.43 | (0.77) | — | −1.39 | (0.78) | — | −1.24 | (0.74) | — | −1.19 | (0.74) | ||||
| Completed 4 or more Years of College | — | −1.25 | (0.74) | — | −1.56 | (0.78)* | — | −0.10 | (0.68) | — | −0.03 | (0.71) | ||||
| Base Hourly Wage Rate (Logged) | — | 0.23 | (0.13) | — | 0.19 | (0.13) | — | 0.00 | (0.14) | — | −0.01 | (0.14) | ||||
| Occupational Standing (Occupational Education) | — | −0.01 | (0.01) | — | 0.00 | (0.01) | — | −0.03 | (0.01)** | — | −0.02 | (0.01) | ||||
| Physical Job Characteristics Index: 1993 | — | — | 0.45 | (0.14)** | 0.52 | (0.15)** | — | — | 0.23 | (0.12) | 0.16 | (0.13) | ||||
| Change in Physical Job Characteristics, 1993–2004 | — | — | 0.41 | (0.16)** | 0.42 | (0.16)** | — | — | −0.04 | (0.13) | −0.06 | (0.13) | ||||
| Ergonomics Job Characteristics Index: 1993 | — | — | −0.03 | (0.17) | −0.13 | (0.19) | — | — | 0.05 | (0.15) | −0.03 | (0.16) | ||||
| Change in Ergonomics Job Characteristics, 1993–2004 | — | — | 0.36 | (0.16)* | 0.30 | (0.16) | — | — | −0.01 | (0.15) | −0.04 | (0.16) | ||||
| Job Control Index: 1993 | — | — | −0.17 | (0.12) | −0.16 | (0.12) | — | — | −0.19 | (0.10)* | −0.18 | (0.10) | ||||
| Change in Job Control, 1993–2004 | — | — | −0.05 | (0.12) | −0.05 | (0.12) | — | — | −0.10 | (0.11) | −0.11 | (0.11) | ||||
| Job Pressures Index: 1993 | — | — | 0.12 | (0.18) | 0.09 | (0.19) | — | — | 0.01 | (0.17) | 0.05 | (0.17) | ||||
| Change in Job Pressures, 1993–2004 | — | 0.01 | (0.16) | −0.02 | (0.16) | — | — | 0.21 | (0.14) | 0.22 | (0.15) | |||||
| Inverse Mills Ratio | −2.55 | (1.28)* | −2.30 | (1.29) | −2.57 | (1.29)* | −2.39 | (1.29) | −2.18 | (1.20) | −1.74 | (1.22) | −1.63 | (1.21) | −1.57 | (1.22) |
| Constant | 9.07 | (3.00)** | 9.50 | (3.04)** | 8.30 | (3.31)* | 8.65 | (3.34)** | 6.46 | (3.09)* | 7.89 | (3.12)* | 5.50 | (3.35) | 6.84 | (3.47)* |
| R2 (predictors) | 0.294 | (13) | 0.297 | (17) | 0.302 | (21) | 0.305 | (25) | 0.279 | (13) | 0.286 | (17) | 0.287 | (21) | 0.289 | (25) |
| F Test Comparing Model 2 to Model 1 | — | 2.305 | — | — | — | 3.912** | — | — | ||||||||
| F Test Comparing Model 3 to Model 1 | — | — | 3.285** | — | — | — | 2.525** | — | ||||||||
| F Test Comparing Model 4 to Model 2 | — | — | — | 3.137** | — | — | — | 1.200 | ||||||||
| F Test Comparing Model 4 to Model 3 | — | — | — | 2.014 | — | — | — | 1.263 | ||||||||
Note: Sample restricted to cases in which the WLS graduate responded to the 1993 telephone and mail surveys and either (1) died after 1993 or (2) responded to both the 2004 mail and telephone surveys. See text for more complete descriptions of variables. For the analyses in this table, missing data were replaced with multiply imputed data. Models also include covariates for health risk factors and childhood health, as described in Table 2.
*
= p < 0.05
**
= p < 0.01