Table 2. Adjusted^a Mean Scale Scores^b for Barriers Common to the Four Recommended CRC Screening Modalities and Top Five Barriers to the Each of Four Recommended Colorectal Cancer Screening Modalities by Screening Status (N=3,357).

	Adjusted rank order Respondent Sample (N=3,357)	Screening Status per Recommendationsc
		Never Screened (n= 498)	Overdue (n= 412)	Up-to-Date (n= 2,447)
	Rank d [M Score] e
Barriers Common to all Modalities: It would be difficult to have colorectal cancer screening because… f
My healthcare provider has never suggested I get this test.	1 [2.51]	1 [2.93]	1 [2.54]	1 [2.42]
I did not know if I should have this test.	2 [2.35]	2 [2.77]	5 [2.39]	2 [2.25]
This test costs too much.	3 [2.25]	3 [2.73]	2 [2.41]	3 [2.11]
I do not need the test because I feel fine.	4 [2.16]	4 [2.67]	4 [2.40]	4 [2.00]
The test is too embarrassing.	5 [2.12]	7 [2.57]	7 [2.36]	5 [1.98]
My health insurance does not cover this test.	6 [2.12]	6 [2.58]	8 [2.33]	6 [1.98]
No one in my family has had colorectal cancer.	7 [2.10]	5 [2.64]	3 [2.41]	7 [1.93]
I have a high insurance deductible.	8 [2.06]	9 [2.50]	10 [2.25]	8 [1.93]
I have other medical problems that are more important.	9 [2.05]	10 [2.46]	6 [2.39]	9 [1.90]
I am afraid of having this test.	10 [1.99]	8 [2.53]	9 [2.25]	10 [1.82]
I am worried about what this test might find.	11 [1.93]	12 [2.29]	13 [2.06]	11 [1.82]
I do not have time.	12 [1.91]	11 [2.33]	11 [2.21]	12 [1.76]
I do not feel comfortable talking to anyone about this test.	13 [1.86]	13 [2.20]	12 [2.08]	13 [1.75]
I have had other bad experiences with tests.	14 [1.80]	15 [2.02]	14 [2.00]	14 [1.71]
I do not know anyone who has had colon cancer testing.	15 [1.76]	14 [2.05]	15 [1.95]	15 [1.66]
Top Five Barriers to FOBT: It would be difficult to have a FOBT because… f
My healthcare provider has never suggested I get this test	1 [2.53]	1 [3.05]	1 [2.38]	1 [2.44]
I did not know if I should have this test	2 [2.37]	2 [2.85]	2 [2.33]	2 [2.27]
I do not want to handle my stool	3 [2.23]	4 [2.52]	4 [2.18]	3 [2.17]
I do not need this test because I feel fine	4 [2.16]	3 [2.68]	3 [2.29]	5 [2.03]
I do no want to keep my stools on a card in the house	5 [2.15]	5 [2.48]	5 [2.15]	4 [2.08]
Top Five Barriers to Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: It would be difficult to have a flexible sigmoidoscopy because… g
I do not want to do the preparation (prep) and take laxatives	1 [2.72]	3 [3.05]	1 [3.03]	2 [2.59]
My healthcare provider has never suggested I get this test	2 [2.70]	4 [2.85]	4 [2.57]	1 [2.68]
I am worried that the test is uncomfortable or painful	3 [2.57]	2 [3.09]	3 [2.90]	3 [2.40]
I do not want a tube inserted in my rectum	4 [2.57]	1 [3.23]	2 [2.91]	5 [2.36]
I did not know if I should have this test	5 [2.45]	5 [2.72]	5 [2.42]	4 [2.40]
Top Five Barriers to Colonoscopy: It would be difficult to have a colonoscopy because… f
I do not want to do the preparation (prep) and take laxatives	1 [2.74]	3 [3.00]	1 [2.99]	1 [2.63]
I do not want a tube inserted in my rectum	2 [2.40]	1 [3.19]	2 [2.94]	2 [2.13]
I do not want to have anesthesia or be “put under”	3 [2.30]	4 [2.87]	4 [2.75]	3 [2.10]
I am worried that the test is uncomfortable or painful	4 [2.30]	2 [3.13]	3 [2.91]	4 [2.01]
I might get injured by this test	5 [2.18]	5 [2.73]	5 [2.62]	5 [1.98]
Top Five Barriers to Barium Enema: It would be difficult to have a barium enema because… f
My healthcare provider has never suggested I get this test	1 [2.79]	2 [3.14]	3 [2.88]	1 [2.70]
I do not want to do the preparation (prep) and take laxatives	2 [2.76]	3 [3.05]	1 [3.02]	2 [2.65]
I do not want a air inserted in my rectum	3 [2.65]	1 [3.22]	2 [3.01]	3 [2.46]
I did not know if I should have this test	4 [2.54]	5 [2.95]	5 [2.58]	4 [2.44]
I am worried that the test is uncomfortable or painful	5 [2.51]	4 [2.98]	4 [2.82]	5 [2.35]

^aAdjusted for: age, race, gender, income, education, insurance status, and discussion with healthcare providers.

^bMean scale scores for each item are on a scale from 1 to 5 where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 is strongly agree that each individual item would be a barrier to screening.

^cScreening status is represented by three categories where “overdue” represents the subgroup that did not undergo any of the four screening modalities according to recommendations (i.e., no FOBT in the last year, no flexible sigmoidoscopy in the last 5 years, no colonoscopy in the last 10 years and no barium enema in the last 5 years) and “up-to-date” represents the subgroup that did report at least one of the four screening modalities according to recommendations.

^dThe rank order of the fifteen barriers common to all modalities and the top five barriers within each screening status group for each modality where 1 is the highest-ranked barrier given the ordering of the individual item mean scale scores for each modality.

^eSEs for mean scores can be found in Appendix B (available online at www.ajpm-online.net).

^fEach comparison of barriers by screening status is significant; p-value <0.001.

^gEach comparison of barriers by screening status is significant; p-value <0.001 except for “My healthcare provider has never suggested I get this test”; p-value = 0.074.