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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 28.
Published in final edited form as: Eval Rev. 2008 Feb;32(1):39–58. doi: 10.1177/0193841X07307317

Table 4.

GEE Logistic Regression Models of Relationships Between Psychiatric Trajectories and Alcohol and Drug Abstinence

Abstinence From Alcohol
Abstinence From Drugs
OR 95% C.I. Type 3 p OR 95% C.I. Type 3 p
Psychiatric trajectory groups
 Deteriorating vs. low severity ns ns ns 0.61 (0.42, 0.87) .0090
 Improving vs. low severity ns ns ns 0.61 (0.40, 0.93) .0292
 High severity vs. low severity ns ns ns 0.43 (0.29, 0.66) .0002
Index treatment
 Length of stay (per 1 week increase) 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) < .0001 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) < .0001
 Day hospital vs. treatment as usual ns ns ns ns ns ns
Baseline ASI composites
 Alcohol (per 0.1 increase) 0.95 (0.91, 0.98) .0039 ns ns ns
 Drug (per 0.1 increase) ns ns ns 0.55 (0.47, 0.63) < .0001
 Medical (per 0.1 increase) ns ns ns 1.04 (1.00, 1.07) .0439
 Psychiatric (per 0.1 increase) ns ns ns ns ns ns
Baseline demographic characteristics
 Age 30 to 39 vs. younger than 30 1.71 (1.32, 2.22) < .0001 1.63 (1.17, 2.26) .0053
 Age 40 to 49 vs. younger than 30 2.23 (1.66, 3.01) < .0001 ns ns ns
 Age 50 and older vs. younger than 30 2.12 (1.41,3.18) .0003 3.44 (1.47, 8.07) .0015
 Female vs. male 1.57 (1.25, 1.96) .0001 ns ns ns
 Education ns ns ns ns ns ns
 Income ns ns ns ns ns ns
 Married vs. not ns ns ns ns ns ns
 Employed vs. not ns ns ns ns ns ns
Marital and employment status at follow-ups
  Married vs. not ns ns ns 1.31 (1.01, 1.68) .0377
  Employed vs. not ns ns ns 1.43 (1.15, 1.78) .0013

Note: GEE = Generalized Estimation Equation; OR = odds ratio; C.I. = confidence interval; ASI = Addiction Severity Index; ns = not significant at p < .05 level.