Table 3.

Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Dietary Choline Supplementation on Microglial Activation, as Assessed by [³H]-PK11195 Autoradiography

	Standard choline diet		Choline supplemented diet
Brain region	Sham	CCI	Sham	CCI
Auditory cortex layers 1–6	2.01 ± 0.13	4.77 ± 0.16**	1.73 ± 0.10	3.41 ± 0.44††
Hippocampus, CA1	1.36 ± 0.06	6.45 ± 2.25**	1.44 ± 0.16	6.25 ± 1.46**
Hippocampus, CA2/3	1.45 ± 0.09	6.58 ± 2.81**	1.50 ± 0.08	5.92 ± 1.86**
Hilus of dentate gyrus	1.43 ± 0.07	9.00 ± 2.65**	1.42 ± 0.08	6.54 ± 2.71**,††
Dentate gyrus	1.52 ± 0.12	6.35 ± 1.89**	1.58 ± 0.03	5.4 ± 1.03**
VPL/VPM	1.66 ± 0.38	4.02 ± 1.02**	1.45 ± 0.19	3.27 ± 1.01**,†

Following brain injury, there was a significant upregulation of PK11195 binding observed in all brain regions evaluated. Dietary choline suplementation significantly attenuated TBI-induced microglial activation in the auditory cortex, hilus of the dentate gyrus, and the thalamus.

^**p < 0.01, significantly different from sham-operated animals maintained on the standard choline diet (SNK).

^†p < 0.05, ^††p < 0.01, significantly different from sham-operated animals maintained on the choline-supplemented diet (SNK).