Table 8.

Cultivation Approaches for Adipose Tissue Engineering

Approach	Strengths	Weaknesses	References
Static culture	Adipose outcomes observed in differentiated cultures	Necrotic core in 3D scaffolds due to lack of nutrient/oxygen delivery	36,38–40,43,53,103
Spinner flask	Improved adipose tissue outcomes compared to static culture	Increased fluid shear stress prevented adipogenic differentiation on outer surface of scaffold	45,148
	Convection-enhanced delivery of nutrients and oxygen
Rotating wall bioreactor	Viable cells in scaffold interior	No direct perfusion through construct	146
	Can support large tissue aggregates (4–5 mm diameter)	All constructs experience similar culture conditions (batch culture), limiting diversity in culture environment
	Low shear stress on constructs