Table 3. Epidemiological, Clinical, and Immunological Differences of M. africanum Relative to M. tuberculosis.

Characteristic	Country	M. africanum		OR(95% CI)	p-Value	Reference
		West African 1	West African 2
Molecular clustering (IS6110 RFLP)	Ghana	Lower		0.38(0.3–0.5)	<0.001	[49]
Progression to disease in first two years after exposure	The Gambia		Lower	3.1(1.1–8.7)	0.036	[71]
Prevalence of HIV co-infection	The Gambia		Higher	2.13(1.2–3.8)	0.010	[68] [86]
	Ghana	Same as MTB			NS	[49]
IFNγ response to ESAT-6	The Gambia		Lower	0.32(0.18–0.59)	0.0001	[63], [86]
Age	The Gambia		Older	2.0(1.3–2.9)	0.001	[86]
	Ghana	Same as MTB			NS	[49]
Chest X-ray involvement	The Gambia		Worse	1.6(1.1–2.1)	0.005	[86]
	Ghana	Less lower lobe disease in HIV-negative patients		0.34(0.2–0.6)	<0.001	[49]

Underlined text indicates results from the study from Ghana, which combined the West African 1 and 2 data.

Italic text indicates results from the study from The Gambia, which only identified West African 2.

CI, confidence interval; ESAT-6, early secreted antigen- 6 kDa; IS6110 RFLP, insertion sequence 6110 restriction fragment length polymorphisms; MTB, M. tuberculosis.