Figure 3. Ppif^–/– mice display increased mortality and heart failure in pathologic and physiologic models of hypertrophy.

(A) HW/BW ratios in the indicated groups of mice at 4 weeks of age. (B) Kaplan-Meier survival plot in the groups of mice shown. (C) Mitochondrial swelling following Ca²⁺ addition (indicated by red arrow), measured as change in absorbance (520 nm) over time (representative tracing of 3 independent experiments). (D) Kaplan-Meier survival plot during swimming exercise. (E) Ventricular weight/tibia length (VW/TL) ratios in mice at completion of the swimming protocol. (F) Lung edema (wet weight in mg – dry weight in mg) at completion of the swimming protocol. All values are reported as mean ± SEM. Sample size for each group is indicated inside the respective bar. *P < 0.05 versus WT control (A, B, and D) or rested group (E); ^#P < 0.05 versus CaMKII and Ppif^–/– (A–C) or versus WT swim (E and F).