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tPA activates mitogenic signaling via sequential phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p90RSK, GSK3β, and induction of cyclin D1. NRK-49F cells were incubated with 10 nmol/L tPA for various periods of time as indicated and then subjected to Western blotting for phospho-Erk1/2 (A), phospho-p90RSK (B), phospho-GSK3β (C), and cyclin D1 (D). The samples were also probed with antibodies against total Erk1/2, GSK3β, RSK1/2/3, and α-tubulin, respectively.
