Phosphorylation of GSK3β is necessary for the effect of tPA. A: Graphic illustration of the structure of wild-type (GSK3β-wt) and mutant GSK3β (GSK3β-S9A) plasmids. B and C: Overexpression of the uninhibitable mutant GSK3β-S9A abolished tPA-induced cyclin D1 expression. MEF-1 fibroblasts were transfected with pcDNA3, GSK3β-wt, and GSK3β-S9A plasmids followed by tPA (10 nmol/L) treatment for 8 hours. Cell lysates were probed with anti-cyclin D1, anti-HA, and anti–α-tubulin antibodies. Representative Western blot (B) and graphic demonstration of the relative abundance of phospho-GSK3β (C). **P < 0.01, n = 3.