TABLE I.

Quantitative Analysis of Cells at the Tendon-Bone Interface of the Tibial Tunnel After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

	Cells per High-Power Field*
Group	Immobilization	Immediate Loading	Early Delayed Loading (Postop. Day 4)	Late Delayed Loading (Postop. Day 10)
ED1+ macrophages
2 weeks	2.42 ± 0.12a	2.96 ± 0.05b	1.49 ± 0.17a,b	0.63 ± 0.2a,b
4 weeks	2.53 ± 0.82c	2.02 ± 0.91d	0.97 ± 0.21c,d	0.54 ± 0.13c,d
ED2+ macrophages
2 weeks	1.71 ± 1.5e	1.14 ± 0.47f	2.62 ± 0.54e,f	2.97 ± 0.7e,f
4 weeks	0.83 ± 0.6g	1.36 ± 0.16h	3.37 ± 0.29g,h	3.35 ± 0.51g,h
Osteoclasts (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining)
2 weeks	1.44 ± 0.2i	1.02 ± 0.08j	0.58 ± 0.37i,j	0.35 ± 0.15i,j
4 weeks	0.69 ± 0.08k	1.22 ± 0.17l	0.29 ± 0.14k,l	0.33 ± 0.15k,l
Neovascularity (smooth-muscle-actin staining)
2 weeks	0.78 ± 0.39m	1.54 ± 0.22n	0.3 ± 0.17m,n	0.27 ± 0.15m,n
4 weeks	1.03 ± 0.62o	0.83 ± 0.46p	0.31 ± 0.16o,p	0.22 ± 0.1o,p

^*Data are reported as the mean and standard deviation. Values that share a letter were significantly different from one another, with a, b, c, d, i, j, k, and l indicating p < 0.01; e, f, g, and h indicating p < 0.02; and m, n, o, and p indicating p < 0.003.