Table 2.
Associations of Chemokines and Atherosclerosis Risk Factors
| |
CCL23 |
CXCL1 |
CXCL2 |
CCL11 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | <0.56†(n = 1,587) | >0.56†(n = 1,590) | P value* | = 0 (n = 2,850) | >0 (n = 327) | P value* | = 0 (n = 2,234) | >0 (n = 943) | P value* | <50.05†(n = 1,588) | >50.05†(n = 1,589) | P value* |
| Men | 704 (44%) | 698 (44%) | 0.80 | 1,283 (45%) | 119 (36%) | 0.003 | 1,026 (46%) | 376 (40%) | 0.002 | 642 (40%) | 760 (48%) | <0.0001 |
| Women | 883 (56%) | 892 (56%) | 1,567 (55%) | 208 (64%) | 1,208 (54%) | 567 (60%) | 946 (60%) | 829 (52%) | ||||
| African-American | 896 (56%) | 727 (46%) | <0.0001 | 1,379 (48%) | 244 (75%) | <0.0001 | 1,096 (49%) | 527 (56%) | 0.0004 | 959 (60%) | 664 (42%) | <0.0001 |
| Caucasian | 392 (25%) | 554 (35%) | <0.0001 | 910 (32%) | 36 (11%) | <0.0001 | 661 (30%) | 285 (30%) | 0.72 | 388 (24%) | 558 (35%) | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | 265 (17%) | 276 (17%) | 0.62 | 498 (18%) | 43 (13%) | 0.05 | 424 (19%) | 117 (12%) | <0.0001 | 217 (14%) | 324 (20%) | <0.0001 |
| Other race | 34 (2%) | 33 (2%) | 0.90 | 63 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 0.31 | 53 (2%) | 14 (2%) | 0.14 | 24 (2%) | 43 (3%) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 498 (32%) | 571 (37%) | 0.01 | 927 (33%) | 142 (45%) | <0.0001 | 724 (33%) | 345 (37%) | 0.02 | 561 (36%) | 508 (33%) | 0.05 |
| Diabetes | 189 (12%) | 187 (12%) | 0.90 | 325 (11%) | 51 (16%) | 0.03 | 254 (11%) | 122 (13%) | 0.21 | 185 (12%) | 191 (12%) | 0.742 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 497 (31%) | 574 (36%) | 0.004 | 952 (33%) | 119 (36%) | 0.28 | 755 (34%) | 316 (34%) | 0.88 | 536 (34%) | 535 (34%) | 0.96 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 80 (5%) | 98 (6%) | 0.17 | 160 (6%) | 18 (6%) | 0.95 | 127 (6%) | 51 (5%) | 0.76 | 93 (6%) | 85 (5%) | 0.54 |
| Current smokers | 479 (30%) | 438 (28%) | 0.09 | 813 (29%) | 104 (32%) | 0.21 | 668 (30%) | 249 (26%) | 0.05 | 469 (30%) | 448 (28%) | 0.41 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 164 (10%) | 248 (16%) | <0.0001 | 365 (13%) | 47 (14%) | 0.43 | 279 (12%) | 133 (14%) | 0.22 | 198 (12%) | 214 (13%) | 0.40 |
| Low HDL | 600 (38%) | 723 (45%) | <0.0001 | 1,185 (42%) | 138 (42%) | 0.83 | 936 (42%) | 387 (41%) | 0.65 | 633 (40%) | 690 (43%) | 0.04 |
| Family history of MI | 174 (11%) | 167 (11%) | 0.68 | 295 (10%) | 46 (14%) | 0.04 | 231 (10%) | 110 (12%) | 0.27 | 178 (11%) | 163 (10%) | 0.39 |
| Statin use | 85 (6%) | 112 (7%) | 0.05 | 173 (6%) | 24 (8%) | 0.33 | 126 (6%) | 71 (8%) | 0.04 | 93 (6%) | 104 (7%) | 0.39 |
| ACE inhibitor | 132 (8%) | 174 (11%) | 0.01 | 262 (9%) | 44 (13%) | 0.01 | 210 (9%) | 96 (10%) | 0.50 | 168 (11%) | 138 (9%) | 0.07 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 106 (7%) | 183 (12%) | <0.0001 | 239 (8%) | 50 (15%) | <0.0001 | 173 (8%) | 116 (12%) | <0.0001 | 157 (10%) | 132 (8%) | 0.12 |
Values are number of people with the condition (% = column percents); *P values are from chi-squared test; †splits are at median of each biomarker.
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction.