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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010 Sep;2(9):2489–2495. doi: 10.1021/am100530t

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

Reactions used to produce a bifunctionally modified APMS particle. Abbreviations: DTT, 1,4-dithiothreitol; EDAC, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride; NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide; MES, 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid.